ELISA試劑盒的制備有必要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">在試驗(yàn)條件(包含試劑)較難保證穩(wěn)定的情況下,這種判別法較為適宜。在得出標(biāo)本(</font>S<font face="宋體">)和陰性對照(</font><font face="Calibri">N</font><font face="宋體">)的</font><font face="Calibri">A</font><font face="宋體">值后,核算</font><font face="Calibri">S/N</font><font face="宋體">值。也有寫作</font><font face="Calibri">P/N</font><font face="宋體">的,這里的</font><font face="Calibri">P</font><font face="宋體">不代表陽性(</font><font face="Calibri">positive</font><font face="宋體">),而是病(</font><font face="Calibri">patient</font><font face="宋體">)的縮寫,不該誤解。為防止混雜,更宜用</font><font face="Calibri">S/N</font><font face="宋體">表示。在早期的間接法</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">試劑盒中,有些作者定出</font><font face="Calibri">S/N</font><font face="宋體">為陽性規(guī)范,現(xiàn)多為各種測定所沿襲。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">實(shí)際上每一測定體系應(yīng)該用試驗(yàn)求出各自的</font>S/N<font face="宋體">的閾值。更應(yīng)留意的是,</font><font face="Calibri">N</font><font face="宋體">所代表的陰性對照是不含受檢物質(zhì)的人血清。有的試劑盒中所設(shè)陰性對照為不含蛋白質(zhì)或蛋白質(zhì)含量較底的緩沖液,致使反響后發(fā)生的本底也許較正常人血清的本底低得多。陽性斷定值(</font><font face="Calibri">cut-off value</font><font face="宋體">)通常為陰性對照</font><font face="Calibri">A</font><font face="宋體">值加上一個(gè)特定的常數(shù),以此作為判別結(jié)果陽性或陰性的規(guī)范。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒</font></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">用此法判別結(jié)果請求試驗(yàn)條件非常穩(wěn)定,陽性和陰性的對照品應(yīng)契合必定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),須配用精密的儀器,并嚴(yán)厲按規(guī)定操作。陽性斷定值公式中的常數(shù)是在這特定的體系中經(jīng)過對很多標(biāo)本的試驗(yàn)檢查而得到的。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">現(xiàn)舉某種檢查</font>HBsAg<font face="宋體">的試劑盒為例。試劑盒中的陰性對照品為不含</font><font face="Calibri">HBsAg</font><font face="宋體">的復(fù)鈣人血漿,陽性對照品</font><font face="Calibri">HBsAg</font><font face="宋體">的含量標(biāo)明為</font><font face="Calibri">P=9</font><font face="宋體">±</font><font face="Calibri">2ng/ml</font><font face="宋體">。每次試驗(yàn)設(shè)</font><font face="Calibri">2</font><font face="宋體">個(gè)陽性對照和</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋體">個(gè)陰性對照。測得</font><font face="Calibri">A</font><font face="宋體">值后,先核算陰性對照</font><font face="Calibri">A</font><font face="宋體">值的平均數(shù)(</font><font face="Calibri">NCX</font><font face="宋體">)和陽性對照</font><font face="Calibri">A</font><font face="宋體">值的平均數(shù)(</font><font face="Calibri">PCX</font><font face="宋體">),兩個(gè)平均數(shù)的差(</font><font face="Calibri">P-N</font><font face="宋體">)有必要大于一個(gè)特定的數(shù)值(例</font><font face="Calibri">0.400</font><font face="宋體">),試驗(yàn)才有用。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">3<font face="宋體">個(gè)陰性對照</font><font face="Calibri">A</font><font face="宋體">值均應(yīng)≥</font><font face="Calibri">0.5</font><font face="宋體">×</font><font face="Calibri">NCX</font><font face="宋體">,并≤</font><font face="Calibri">1.5</font><font face="宋體">×</font><font face="Calibri">NCX</font><font face="宋體">,如其中之一超出此規(guī)模,則棄去,罷了另兩個(gè)陰性對照從頭核算</font><font face="Calibri">NCX</font><font face="宋體">;如有兩個(gè)陰性對照</font><font face="Calibri">A</font><font face="宋體">值超出以上規(guī)模,則該次試驗(yàn)無效。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">陽性斷定值按下式核算:</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">陽性斷定值</font>=NCX+0.05 <font face="宋體">標(biāo)本</font><font face="Calibri">A</font><font face="宋體">值>陽性斷定值的為陽性,小于陽性斷定值的為陰性。應(yīng)留意的是,式中</font><font face="Calibri">0.05</font><font face="宋體">為該試劑盒的常數(shù),只適合于該特定條件下,</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">試劑盒而不是對各種試劑均可通用。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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