小鼠做實驗的一般管理原則
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">A</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">飼料飼養</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">:</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">飼料配方要滿足小白鼠的營養需要,保持相對穩定,補充</font>0.5<font face="宋體">~</font><font face="Calibri">l</font><font face="宋體">%的魚肝油,以滿足小白鼠對維生素</font><font face="Calibri">A</font><font face="宋體">.</font><font face="Calibri">D</font><font face="宋體">的需要,否則出現母鼠受孕率低,產仔率下降以及吃食仔鼠等現象。小白鼠是晝伏夜動的動物,采食以夜間為主。因此,鼠罐、盒蓋的同斗內要經常保持足夠的新鮮干燥飼料。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">在小白鼠大群飼養中,每周應有</font>2<font face="宋體">天以上給小白鼠添加飼料,保證不間斷地供給小白鼠飼料。小白鼠一晝夜的飼料量見表。小白鼠的備用飼料應嚴防野鼠、蟑螂等污染。霉雨季節,小白鼠的干塊飼料要少做勤做,以防發霉變質。供給青飼料時,如發麥芽,麥芽生好后,用清水沖洗干凈,風干之后飼喂。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">小白鼠一晝夜的飼料量(單位:克)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">a小白鼠成年飼料:干塊料</font>5<font face="宋體">~</font><font face="Calibri">6</font><font face="宋體">,麥芽每克約</font><font face="Calibri">19</font><font face="宋體">粒</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋體">~</font><font face="Calibri">5</font><font face="宋體">,葵花籽每克約</font><font face="Calibri">12</font><font face="宋體">粒</font><font face="Calibri">0.5</font><font face="宋體">~</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋體">;</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">b小白鼠幼年飼料:干塊料</font>1<font face="宋體">~</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋體">,麥芽每克約</font><font face="Calibri">19</font><font face="宋體">粒</font><font face="Calibri">0.5</font><font face="宋體">~</font><font face="Calibri">0.25</font><font face="宋體">‘,葵花籽每克約</font><font face="Calibri">12</font><font face="宋體">粒</font><font face="Calibri">0.1</font><font face="宋體">~</font><font face="Calibri">0.5</font><font face="宋體">。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">B</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">清潔衛生</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">:</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">小白鼠的飼養房要保持室外整潔,門窗、墻壁、地面等無塵土,無蜘蛛網,</font>zui<font face="宋體">好是室內每月用</font><font face="Calibri">0</font><font face="宋體">.</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋體">%的新潔爾滅噴霧消毒</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋體">次,室外用</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋體">%來蘇爾消毒一次。鼠架每周要用消毒液的濕布擦洗一次。墊料要保持清潔干燥,放在專用的房間內貯存,嚴格防止野鼠、貓、狗等竄入。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">條件允許的情況下,對墊料可采用高壓蒸氣等方法消毒滅菌。鼠罐、鼠金中的墊料更換次數每周不得少于</font>2<font face="宋體">次。飲水瓶要每月定期煮沸消毒</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋體">次,或用</font><font face="Calibri">0</font><font face="宋體">.</font><font face="Calibri">2</font><font face="宋體">%過氧乙酸浸泡</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋體">分鐘消毒。飼料</font><font face="Calibri">zui</font><font face="宋體">好也使用高壓蒸氣等方法消毒。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">C</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">控制溫濕度</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">:</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">小白鼠對環境變化很敏感,濕溫度過高或過低會直接影響小白鼠的生長發育、生產繁殖,甚至導致小白鼠發生疾病。因此,要保持溫濕度相對穩定。飼養小白鼠的適宜溫度是</font>18<font face="宋體">~</font><font face="Calibri">22</font><font face="宋體">℃。若高于</font><font face="Calibri">35</font><font face="宋體">℃時,明顯影響母鼠的受胎和仔鼠的生長,若低于</font><font face="Calibri">18</font><font face="宋體">℃時,引起幼鼠的發病或死亡。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">此外,小白鼠</font>zui<font face="宋體">忌溫度忽高忽低,要保持溫度相對穩定。這是飼養好小白鼠的一個關鍵。飼養小白鼠適宜的濕度為</font><font face="Calibri">50</font><font face="宋體">~</font><font face="Calibri">60</font><font face="宋體">%。當溫度較低,室內易干燥,可采取在地面上灑水或用溫布拖地方法,增加室內的濕度。飼養小白鼠,通風也很重要。通風可以調節室內溫濕度,保持空氣新鮮。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">如果密度較大,加上糞尿臭氣的蒸發,尤其是冬季關閉門窗,室內空氣極易污染,致使小白鼠抗病力下降,易感染疾病,這對小白鼠的生長發育極為有害。對于工作人員的健康,也有一定的影響。因此,要加強鼠舍的通風調節,裝置電動排風扇,每天定時排風,或者選擇風和日暖的時候,打開門窗,自然通風。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">D</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">嚴格防疫</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">:</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">小白鼠對外來刺激敏感,尤其對鼠癥病毒非常敏感,一旦發病就無法控制。在小白鼠的飼養管理中,要建立行之有效的嚴格防疫制度,減少鼠群感染的機會,保持鼠群的健康。凡從外地引進的小白鼠,必須在隔離檢疫房內隔離觀察飼養</font>1<font face="宋體">個月,確認無病時才能與原鼠群一起飼養。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">飼養管理人員進入鼠舍必須經過消毒池(墊),</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">穿戴好工作衣、帽、口罩和工作鞋,離開鼠舍時要脫去外衣、帽等,并要洗手消毒。嚴禁非工作人員進入小白鼠飼養房。嚴格執行消毒防病措施,嚴防野生動物如野鼠、蟑螂等進入小白鼠飼養設施內。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>