胎牛血清運用中遇到的常見問題
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">1<font face="宋體">、怎樣貯存和凍結血清才不會使產質量量受損?</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">將血清從冷凍箱取出后,先置于</font> 2<font face="宋體">~</font><font face="Calibri">8 </font><font face="宋體">℃ 冰箱使之融解,然后在室溫下使之全融。但必須留意的是,融解過程中必須規矩地搖晃均勻。長時間貯存在 </font><font face="Calibri">2</font><font face="宋體">~</font><font face="Calibri">8 </font><font face="宋體">℃ 時,血清中的各種蛋白和脂蛋白(如冷凝集素、纖維蛋白原、玻粘連蛋白等)或許集合而形成沉積或可見的混濁。因而,推薦在 </font><font face="Calibri">-20 </font><font face="宋體">℃ 以下貯存血清,并防止反復凍融。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">我司</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">主張血清應保存在</font> -20 <font face="宋體">℃。若存放于 </font><font face="Calibri">4 </font><font face="宋體">℃ 時,請勿超越一個月。若一次無法用完一瓶,主張無菌分裝血清至恰當的滅菌容器內,再放回冷凍。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">2<font face="宋體">、怎樣防止血清中發生沉積?</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">按如下操作可防止沉積的發生:</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">(1) </span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">凍結血清時,請隨時將之搖晃均勻,使溫度及成分均一,減少沉積的發生。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">(2)</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">血清分裝凍存時,須規矩搖晃均勻 </font><font face="Calibri">(</font><font face="宋體">當心勿形成氣泡</font><font face="Calibri">)</font><font face="宋體">,使溫度與成分均一。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">(3)</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">勿直接由 </font><font face="Calibri">-20 </font><font face="宋體">℃ 直接至 </font><font face="Calibri">37 </font><font face="宋體">℃ 凍結,因溫度改變太大,簡單形成蛋白質凝結而發生沉積。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">(4)</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">勿將血清置于 </font><font face="Calibri">37 </font><font face="宋體">℃ 太久,否則血清會變得污濁,同時血清中許多較不穩定的成份也會因而受到破壞,然后影響血清的質量。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">(5)</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">血清的熱滅活十分簡單形成沉積物的增多,若非必要,可以無須做此過程。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">(6) </span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">若必須做血清的熱滅活,請遵守 </font><font face="Calibri">56 </font><font face="宋體">℃,</font><font face="Calibri">30 </font><font face="宋體">分鐘的準則,并且隨時搖晃均勻。溫度過高,時間過久或搖晃不均勻,都會形成沉積物的增多。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">3<font face="宋體">、 血清中包括絮狀沉積,它們是什么,怎樣處理?</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">沉積包括纖維蛋白和脂蛋白。這是正常特性,不會影響產品性質。要除掉沉積,離心血清(</font>400 g<font face="宋體">,</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋體">~</font><font face="Calibri">2 </font><font face="宋體">分鐘)或許簡略的讓其沉積在瓶子底部,將血清當心的轉移到另一個無菌瓶里(一般不主張采用過濾的方法除掉沉積,因為沉積會堵塞濾膜而無法過濾)。大多情況悄悄搖擺沉積并加熱至 </font><font face="Calibri">37 </font><font face="宋體">℃ 就會再溶解。所以,運用產品時要搖擺并加熱血清至 </font><font face="Calibri">37 </font><font face="宋體">℃,沉積會自然消失。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">4<font face="宋體">、小牛血清和胎牛血清有何區別與留意事項?</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">來歷不同:胎牛血清(</font>Fetal Bovine Serum ,FBS<font face="宋體">)是在屠宰懷孕母牛的時候</font><font face="Calibri">, </font><font face="宋體">通過心臟穿刺采血獲取的胎牛的血清,新生牛(小牛)血清(</font><font face="Calibri">Calf serum, CS</font><font face="宋體">)采自出生 </font><font face="Calibri">10 </font><font face="宋體">至 </font><font face="Calibri">14 </font><font face="宋體">天的小牛。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">組份與份額不同:兩者所含的促細胞成長因子、促貼附因子、激素及其他活性物質等組份與份額不同,用途與用法不同:某些細胞必需胎牛血清才能成長,而有些細胞只需小牛血清即可,運用濃度不同,一般在</font> 5%<font face="宋體">~</font><font face="Calibri">10%</font><font face="宋體">,有特殊要求的濃度在</font><font face="Calibri">20%</font><font face="宋體">。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">血清保存和運用須留意:血清應保存在</font> -5 <font face="宋體">℃ 至 </font><font face="Calibri">-20 </font><font face="宋體">℃,若存放在 </font><font face="Calibri">4 </font><font face="宋體">℃ 不行超越一個月。凍結血清時 ,應先將血清至于 </font><font face="Calibri">2</font><font face="宋體">~</font><font face="Calibri">8 </font><font face="宋體">℃ 冰箱,并經常搖勻使之溶解,然后至室溫放置使之升溫,不行將冷凍的血清直接放入 </font><font face="Calibri">37 </font><font face="宋體">℃ 水浴或許溫箱中,如放在 </font><font face="Calibri">37 </font><font face="宋體">℃ 凍結,色彩加深,粘稠度也會添加,血清在凍結和熱滅活后,應按用量分裝并于 </font><font face="Calibri">-20 </font><font face="宋體">℃ 保存,防止反復凍融。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>