實驗中易變質試劑的保存

<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">化學試劑</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">常常因為保管或使用不當而變質，其中有些因易揮發而變質并污染空氣；有些易吸收水分而潮解或水解而變質；有些因易與空氣中的氧氣、二氧化碳或其他雜質作用而變質；有些會因光照或環境溫度較高而變質。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 204, 0);"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">這類試劑應注意根據其特性妥為保管與使用。在中學化學實驗室，常見的有以下幾種：</span></span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">1<font face="宋體">．易揮發的試劑</font></span></span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">特性：易揮發。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">實例：濃鹽酸、濃氨水、低沸點有機物（如四氯化碳、氯仿、甲醛溶液等）。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">保管與取用的注意事項：要嚴密蓋緊瓶蓋，保存在陰涼通風處，取用后要立即蓋緊瓶蓋。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">2<font face="宋體">．易潮解或易水解的試劑</font></span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">特性：易吸收環境中的水分（水蒸氣）而潮解或水解。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">實例：氯化鈣、氯化鋅、氯化鈷、氯化亞錫、氯化亞鐵、氯化鐵、硝酸銨、硝酸鈉、硫化鈉、五氧化二磷、三氯磷、五氯化磷、無水氯化鋁等。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">保管及使用的注意事項：嚴密蓋緊瓶蓋并刷石蠟密封，保存在陰涼干燥處，啟封取用后要及時重新蓋緊封好。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">3<font face="宋體">．見光或環境溫度高時易分解變質的試劑</font></span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">特性：受光照或環境溫度高時易分解或變質。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><font face="宋體">實例：硝酸銀、濃雙氧水、碘化鉀、溴化鉀、氯化亞汞、亞硝酸鹽、漂白、氯水、溴水、在光照下易被氧化的物質（如</font>H2S<font face="宋體">溶液、亞鐵鹽、金屬的較低價鹽類等）、在光照下易被還原的物質（如高錳酸鹽、鉻酸鹽、三氧化鉻等）。</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">保管與使用的注意事項：</span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">用棕色、黃棕色、黑色等有色玻璃瓶盛裝，若用無色玻璃瓶盛裝時瓶外要套黑紙套，保存于陰涼處，使用時也要注意避光。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>